Electronic Components Guide
Learn about the key electronic components used in Arduino projects. Each component includes a description, common uses, and demonstration video placeholders.
🔌 Arduino Motherboard
Arduino Mega 2560
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It's a powerful Arduino board with 54 digital I/O pins (15 PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, and USB connectivity. Perfect for complex projects requiring more pins and memory.
💡 Transistors, LEDs, Resistors & Buzzers
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
LEDs are semiconductor light sources that emit light when current flows through them. Available in various colors (red, green, blue, yellow, white), they're used for indicators, displays, and lighting. Always use with a current-limiting resistor.
Resistors
Resistors limit current flow and divide voltage in circuits. Measured in Ohms (Ω), common values include 220Ω (for LEDs), 1kΩ, and 10kΩ (for pull-up/pull-down). Color bands indicate their resistance value.
Buzzer
An audio signaling device that produces sound when voltage is applied. Active buzzers have internal oscillators and produce fixed tones, while passive buzzers can play different frequencies. Used for alarms, notifications, and music.
🔧 Breadboard
Breadboard
A solderless prototyping board for building and testing circuits quickly. The internal connections allow components to be inserted and connected without soldering. Essential for prototyping and experimenting with circuits.
📊 Analog & Digital Components
Push Button
A simple switch that completes a circuit when pressed. Commonly used for user input in Arduino projects. Usually requires a pull-up or pull-down resistor to work properly with microcontrollers.
Servo Motor
A rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position. Commonly used in robotics and RC applications. Standard servos rotate 180 degrees and are controlled via PWM signals from Arduino.
Temperature Sensors (LM35, DHT22)
Measure ambient or object temperature. LM35 outputs analog voltage proportional to temperature. DHT22 provides digital temperature and humidity readings. Used in weather stations, climate control, and environmental monitoring.
RFID Reader (RC522)
Radio-frequency identification reader that can read RFID cards and tags. Operates at 13.56 MHz and communicates via SPI. Perfect for access control, attendance systems, and secure identification projects.
OLED Display (0.96")
Organic LED display with high contrast and wide viewing angles. The 0.96" version typically has 128x64 pixel resolution and uses I2C communication. Low power consumption makes it ideal for portable projects.
Analog Joystick Module
Two-axis analog input device with an integrated push button. Outputs X and Y position values (0-1023) through potentiometers. Commonly used for game controls, robot navigation, and user interfaces.
⚡ Capacitors, Transistors & Stepper Motors
Stepper Motor (28BYJ-48)
A brushless DC motor that divides rotation into discrete steps, allowing precise position control. The 28BYJ-48 is commonly used with ULN2003 driver board. Perfect for CNC machines, 3D printers, and robotics. The driver uses capacitors and transistors to control the motor phases.